可怜的梭罗——读《瓦尔登湖》翻译(286)

All sensuality is one, though it takes many forms; all purity is one. It is the same whether a man eat, or drink, or cohabit, or sleep sensually. They are but one appetite, and we only need to see a person do any one of these things to know how great a sensualist he is. The impure can neither stand nor sit with purity. When the reptile is attacked at one mouth of his burrow, he shows himself at another. If you would be chaste, you must be temperate. What is chastity? How shall a man know if he is chaste? He shall not know it. We have heard of this virtue, but we know not what it is. We speak conformably to the rumor which we have heard. From exertion come wisdom and purity; from sloth ignorance and sensuality. In the student sensuality is a sluggish habit of mind. An unclean person is universally a slothful one, one who sits by a stove, whom the sun shines on prostrate, who reposes without being fatigued. If you would avoid uncleanness, and all the sins, work earnestly, though it be at cleaning a stable. Nature is hard to be overcome, but she must be overcome. What avails it that you are Christian, if you are not purer than the heathen, if you deny yourself no more, if you are not more religious? I know of many systems of religion esteemed heathenish whose precepts fill the reader with shame, and provoke him to new endeavors, though it be to the performance of rites merely.
(徐迟译)一切的淫欲,虽然有许多形态,却只是一个东西,纯洁的一切也只是一个东西。一个人大吃大喝,男女同居,或淫荡地睡觉,只是一回事。这属于同一胃口,尊彩只要看到一个人在于其中的一件事,就能够知道他是怎样的一个好色之徒。不洁和纯洁是不能一起站立,一起就座的。尊彩只要在穴洞的一头打一下蛇,它就会在另一头出现。如果你想要贞洁,你必须节制。什么是贞洁呢?一个人怎么知道他是贞洁的呢?他不能知道。尊彩只听说过,但不知道它是怎样的。尊彩依照尊彩听到过的传说来说明它。智慧和纯洁来之于力行,从懒惰中却出现了无知和淫欲。对一个学生来说,淫欲是他心智懒惰的结果,一个不洁的人往往是一个懒惰的人:他坐在炉边烤火,他在阳光照耀下躺着,他没有疲倦,就要休息。如果要避免不洁和一切罪恶,你就热忱地工作吧,即使是打扫马厩也行。天性难于克制,但必须克制。如果你不比异教徒纯洁,如果你不比异教徒更能克制自己,如果你不比异教徒更虔敬,那你就算是基督徒又怎么样呢?我知道有很多被认为是异教的宗教制度,它们的教律使读者感到羞愧,并且要他作新的努力,虽然要努力的只不过是奉行仪式而已。

  1. All sensuality is one, though it takes many forms; all purity is one. It is the same whether a man eat, or drink, or cohabit, or sleep sensually.前面已经讲过,sensuality译作“淫欲”“肉欲”不妥,因为那只是欲的一种。吃、喝、睡等无节制,都是sensuality,所以可以译为“放纵”“纵欲”。
    sensually一词不只修饰sleep,应该也修饰前面的所有动词。
  2. The impure can neither stand nor sit with purity.《管锥编》里有“俪坐俪立,莫许参焉?!比粝友?,可用“并立并坐”。
  3. When the reptile is attacked at one mouth of his burrow, he shows himself at another. 这句把欲望比作洞里的爬行动物,它在一个洞口遭到打击,会退缩,但它会在另一洞口露出来。reptile未必就是蛇。
  4. If you would be chaste, you must be temperate. What is chastity? How shall a man know if he is chaste?你要纯洁就必须节制。什么是纯洁?一个人如何知道他是否纯洁?
  5. From exertion come wisdom and purity; from sloth ignorance and sensuality.同样的句式,翻译过来就应保持一致,如王家湘译:“智慧和纯洁来自努力,无知和纵欲来自懒惰?!?/li>
  6. one who sits by a stove, whom the sun shines on prostrate, who reposes without being fatigued.这里的who,whom,who是并列的,若译作“他有阳光可享受,却仍整天坐在炉旁烤火”,就不是并列,意思也改变了。原文中趴着晒太阳与坐炉旁烤火、未累而睡觉都是懒惰的例子,而不是说他应该享受阳光。
  7. Nature is hard to be overcome, but she must be overcome. overcome是“战胜”“克服”,不是“节制”。
  8. What avails it that you are Christian, if you are not purer than the heathen, if you deny yourself no more, if you are not more religious?原文里没有,汉译也不必重复三次“异教徒”:“如果你不比异教徒纯洁,如果你不比异教徒更能克制自己,如果你不比异教徒更虔敬”。与基督徒相对的heathen是“不信仰上帝者”。deny oneself是“自制”“克己”。
  9. I know of many systems of religion esteemed heathenish whose precepts fill the reader with shame, and provoke him to new endeavors, though it be to the performance of rites merely. 很多宗教戒律都令人感到羞愧,唤醒人作出新的努力,尽管只是遵守礼仪。
    (戴欢译)所有的淫欲,尽管形式各异,都只是一回事。所有的纯洁的本质也一样。一个人狼吞虎咽,群奸群宿或是纵欲贪杯,实际上没有分别。一叶知秋,尊彩只要看一个人做其中的一件事,便知它是何等的放纵之徒。不法[洁]和纯洁是不能相提并论、同起同坐的。尊彩在洞穴的一头打一下蛇,它就会立马在另一头出现。假如你想要贞洁,你就得必须节制自己,何为贞洁?一个人怎会知道他是贞洁的呢?他不会知道。
    尊彩只是有所闻但不知它是何等模样。尊彩只是依据传说来解说它。智慧和纯洁出自于身体力行,无知和淫欲出自于懒惰。拿一个学生来说,淫欲是他的心智堕落的结果。一个不纯洁的人常常是一个懒惰的人,他有阳光可享受,却仍整天坐在炉旁烤火;他躺在床上,却并不是因为疲倦。倘若要避开不洁和所有罪恶,你就热衷于工作吧,就是打扫马厩也行。天性难以节制,但必须节制。假如你不比异教徒更纯洁,假如你不必异教徒更能节制自己,假如你不比异教徒更虔诚,那么你即使是基督徒又能怎么样呢?我了解许多不同的宗教制度,他们的教规读了令人感到羞惭,因此,可以激励人去做更大的努力,尽管有些努力仅仅是流于形式而已。
# 梭罗,瓦尔登湖,翻译
可怜的梭罗——读《瓦尔登湖》翻译(285)
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